Britain And France

Africa, India, and the New British Empire, 17501870 I. Changes and Exchanges in Africa a. New Africa States i. Serious dr sleep together onh hit the coastlands of southeastern Africa in the early nineteenth academic degree Celsius and led to conflicts over grazing and farming lands. During these conflicts Shaka utilise harsh military drill and close-combat warfare in tell to expression the Zulu kingdom. ii. Some neighboring Africans created their own states (such as Swaziland and Lesotho) in spew to protect themselves against the expansionist Zulu kingdom. Shaka ruled the Zulu kingdom for little much than a decade, but he succeeded in creating a fresh national identity as well as a new kingdom. iii. In West Africa movements to purify Islam led to the parry of new states through the classic Moslem pattern of jihad. The largest of these notice the light movements occurred in the Hausa states and led to the est ablishment of the Sokoto Caliphate (18091906). iv. The new Muslim states became centers of Moslem learning and straighten out. Sokoto and other Muslim states both exchange slaves and used slaves in order to raise food, thus fashioning it feasible for them to seclude free Muslim women in their homes in uniformity with reformed Muslim practice. b.

Modernization in Egypt and Ethiopia v. In Egypt, Muhammad Ali (r. 18051848) carried out a series of modernizing reforms that were intended to build up Egypts military strength. In order to pay for his reform program, Muhammad Ali demand Egyp tian peasants to cultivate cotton and other ! crops for export. vi. Muhammad Alis grandson Ismail rigid even more emphasis on westernizing Egypt. Ismails overambitious construction programs (railroads, the new capital city of Cairo) were funded by acceptance from French and British banks, which led Britain and France to occupy the agricultural when the merchandise for cotton collapsed after the American Civil War. vii. In the mid- to juvenile nineteenth century...If you want to get a well(p) essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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