Realism and Naturalism :: essays research papers

Realism and naturalismIn Music and Art As intellectual and artistic front ends 19th-Century Realism and Naturalism are both responses to Romanticism but are not really comparable to it in scope or influence.     For one thing, "realism" is not a term strictly applicable to music. There are verismo (realistic) operas like Umberto Giordanos Andrea Chnier created in the last decade of the 19th century in Italy, but it is their plots rather than their music which target be said to participate in the movement toward realism. Since "pure" untexted music is not usually representational (with the controversial exception of "program" music), it cannot be said to be more or less realistic.                               In contrast, art may be said to have had many realistic aspects before this time. The pipe down lifes and dom estic art of Jean-Baptiste-Simon Chardin1 (1699-1779) anticipate many of the concerns of the 19th-Century Realists, and he in mature owes a debt to the Netherland school of still-life painting of the century before him, and one can find similar detailed renderings of everyday objects even on the walls of 1st-century Pompeii. Realism is a recurrent theme in art which becomes a coherent movement only after 1850 and even then it struggles against the overwhelming popularity of Romanticism.                In mid-19th century France, Gustave Courbet2 set forth a program of realistic painting as a self-conscious alternative to the dominant Romantic style, building on earlier work by the painters of the Barbizon School (of which the most famous member was Jean-Franois Millet), which had attempted to procreate landscapes and village life as directly and accurately as possible. Impressionism can be seen as a development which grew out of Realism, but in its turn still had to battle the more popular Romanticism. Realism has never entirely displaced the popular taste for Romantic art, as any number of hotel-room paintings, paperback give covers and calendars testify. It became just one more style among others.                                              In Fiction Realisms most important influences have been on fiction and the theater. It is perhaps unsurprising that its origins can be traced to France, where the dominant official neoclassicism had put up a long struggle against Romanticism. Since the 18th century the French have traditionally viewed themselves as rationalists, and this prevailing placement in intellectual circles meant that Romanticism led an uneasy existence in France even when allied with the major revolutionary movements of 1789 and 1830.           Influence of Realism Realism had gruelling effects on fiction from places as far-flung as Russia and the Americas.